10 Years Later, Housing Recovery Still Uneven
Yes, 10 years after the housing crisis, we are still talking about the recovery. And how uneven it has been.
A new analysis from Zillow, Seattle, found recovery from the housing crisis still varies–sometimes greatly–within housing markets. But the analysis did find one common thread–whether a homeowner has regained the value lost during the housing bust is largely driven by how many nearby homes went through foreclosure.
Zillow reported in most large markets, areas with the fewest foreclosures during the housing bust have recovered significantly more than areas with the most foreclosures, meaning communities that experienced the sharpest downturns a decade ago could find themselves confronting the next one still not yet fully recovered.
But within nearly all those major markets there remains inequity, said Zillow Senior Economist Aaron Terrazas–neighborhoods that were hit hardest by the crisis continue to bear an outsized burden even through the recovery.
Zillow said across the nation’s largest 35 metros, 54.3 percent of homes in areas with the fewest foreclosures have fully recovered, compared with only 39.1 percent of homes in areas with the most foreclosures. The trend is stark in places such as Riverside, Calif., where recovery overall has been slow. Homes there in areas with the fewest foreclosures have regained their pre-recession peak value at a rate more than seven times higher than in nearby areas that saw more foreclosures.
In fact, Zillow said all six major California metros are among those where recovery has been most divergent across neighborhoods, including in the booming markets of San Francisco, San Jose, Los Angeles and San Diego. That uneven recovery, Terrazas said, especially in markets that have seen significant overall growth, has further exacerbated wealth inequality, even for those who were able to keep their homes. Nearly half of the homes foreclosed upon nationwide were in the bottom third in terms of value.
In 19 of the nation’s top 35 markets, areas that saw relatively few foreclosures during the housing bust have seen home value gains at least 10 percentage points greater than areas with a lot of foreclosures. In 13 metros the rate is at least double. In three–Riverside, Las Vegas and Washington, D.C.–it is at least quadruple. In Washington, D.C., for example, only 5.2% of homes in high-foreclosure areas have recovered, while 31.3% of homes in low-foreclosure areas have recovered.
Zillow said five metros, including Chicago and Miami, have seen the opposite hold true, with high-foreclosure areas recovering at slightly higher rate.
“The past decade has vividly illustrated how more financially secure households are able to weather the economic and societal disruptions of recessions more easily than their less financially secure peers,” Terrazas said. “We have long known that economic downturns leave scars. But these scars cut deeper and persist longer in the most exposed communities. The Great Recession is far in the rear-view mirror, but economists are beginning to ask how long the current economic expansion can run on. Communities that experienced the sharpest downturns a decade ago could find themselves confronting the next economic downturn–when it does eventually arrive–having not yet fully recovered from the last one.”
Zillow said taken as a whole, 21 of the top 35 largest metros have recovered their pre-recession high median home values, including four that are more than 50 percent higher. Nationally, median home values are about 9.8 percent above what they were at the bubble’s peak and less than 10 percent of homeowners are underwater on their mortgages.
